Osteochondrosis is an illness in which degenerative-dystrophic processes occur in the tissues of the spine.The defeat of the intervertebral discs, the articular surfaces that adapt to them develop, the bodies of the vertebrae, the band apparatus.As a rule, pathological changes occur in the bones and ligaments in osteochondrosis.In addition, a person is only guessed with the beginning of the disease if they suffered from the complications of such a state - back pain, impairment of sensitivity, muscle atrophy and impaired functions of internal organs.
This disease is widespread among modern people: according to various sources, up to 90% of the world's population suffer from osteochondrosis.Basically, the disease affects people who are already 30 years old.So far, the osteochondrosis lumbar (approximately half of the cases) has been most frequently unveiled.
Stadiums of osteochondrosis
The disease develops in phases in a person.In the first stage of the progress of the disease, the process of dehydration of the pulpoose nucleus begins.As a result, the height of the window is reduced and the cracks are formed in the fibrous ring.However, pathological changes do not occur outside the intervertebral disc.
In the second stage there is an approximation of two neighboring vertebrae due to a decrease in the height of the disc, the binding point of muscles and ligaments.Due to the discontinuation of the ligaments and muscles, an excessive mobility of the vertebrae manifests the development of the instability of the vertebral and engine segment.During this time, the vertebrae can slip or change while spondylolistz is formed.
The third stage in the development of osteochondrosis is characterized by pronounced morphological changes in the intervertebral discs.The formation of prolapses and the lead of the windows occur, the subluxation develops in the intervertebral joints and unconfebral joints.
When the fourth level occurs, adaptive changes are observed in those affected.In this case, the human body adapts to strong mobility of the vertebrae and overcomes it.Due to the immobilization of the spine, osteophytes - regional bone growth appear on adjacent surfaces of the vertebral body.Osteophytes can violate a nerve spine.Fibery changes in intervertebral discs and joints gradually occur.As a result, a kind of shell is formed in the vertebral engine segment, and the manifestations are gradually disappearing.
The causes of osteochondrosis
Experts express various assumptions regarding the reasons that contribute to the development of osteochondrosis.Such reasons are called mechanical trauma of the spine, disorders in the metabolic processes of the body, the arrangement of the disease that is hereditary.However, a clear cause of the development of the disease is difficult to determine due to the prevalence of the disease.It can often be found in young and older people;Physically strong and a few trained.
Sometimes you can hear the opinion that symptoms of osteochondrosis occur due to the storage of salts in the human spine.Patients often talk about salt excretions when they creak and grind in the joints.In fact, the disease develops due to an impaired tissue nutrition.As a result, their structure is gradually reborn.The renewal process is constantly taking place in the tissues of bones and cartilage.If a person has adequate physical activity regularly, the fabric becomes more elastic.But for people who mainly lead a seated lifestyle, such a fabric is less durable.
In addition, the cause of the development of osteochondrosis excess weight, violation of attitude, negative environmental conditions, characteristics of body position during work, can be an unevenly developed bone muscular system, pregnancy, stress, hypothermia and infection.
Therefore, the spectrum of the factors that cause the development of the disease are very wide.Features of blood flow and nutrition of cartilage and bone tissue play a non -shining role in this process.There are no vessels in the vertebrates of adults, so oxygen and all the necessary nutrients are obtained from neighboring tissues.Therefore, the blood circulation is constantly activated in the surrounding tissues for the normal diet of the spine.You can accelerate this process by ensuring the active functioning of the muscles.
Symptoms of osteochondrosis
The manifestations of the disease can be varied and depend directly on the stage of development that the disease hides.The pronounced symptoms of the disease are shown when the pathological process is distributed on the back of the fibrous ring and the back longitudinal band.When activating the pathological process, the patient develops reflex and compression -neurological syndromes.
Osteochondrosis can occur in different areas of the body so that the symptoms of the disease are very wide.In the patient, osteochondrosis can occur in the limbs or in deafness, sometimes pain in the chest, disorders of the functions of the genital organs and headaches.At the same time, a person doesn't even notice that the cause of such manifestations is osteochondrosis.
When the patient develops osteochondrosis of the thoracic spine, the symptoms can resemble manifestations of heart diseases: angina pectoris, myocardial infarction.For this reason, incorrect treatment is sometimes practiced, which leads to the further progress of osteochondrosis.If a person who suspects the development of this disease should immediately consult a doctor and go through the necessary studies.
Osteochondrosis is mainly manifested by pain and a strong feeling of symptoms in the back.In some cases, the pain occurs regularly and unstable.It can disappear for a while.For each person, however, the occurrence of pain should be a very disturbing symptom and occasion.It is important to think and determine what exactly caused the pain.For example, it could be a strong physical activity and raise heaviness.
The next indicative symptom on which osteochondrosis of the cervical spine manifests itself is the deafness of the arms and legs as well as pain in them.Similar symptoms are also characteristic of other types of osteochondrosis.Most of the time, the pain develops in the left leg or in the left leg or in the left hand, sometimes gives the heart under the ribs.With such symptoms, you do not have to rush immediately to drink medicines from the heart or other diseases, but you should listen carefully and evaluate the type of pain, your changes depending on what the person is doing at the moment.All of your observations should in detail the doctor should retire that the patient is practiced a massage, gymnastics and other treatment methods.An appeal to a specialist in the early stages of the disease will ensure his more effective treatment.
Most of the time, patients who diagnose osteochondrosis are complained about the feeling of symptoms in the spine in different places, about the pain of different intensity and character.They have a higher level of fatigue, which is manifested in both physical and intellectual work.The sensitivity in different areas of the body can most often be disturbed in the limbs.Patients can also mark the cold in their hands and legs.A manifestation of the osteochondrosis of the cervix region is often a dizziness and headache.The visual acuity can also lose significantly.
If the patient has osteochondrosis of the lumbar spine, a variety of diseases of the human reproduction system can occur in this case.After the treatment of osteochondrosis of the lumbosacral department, men often find an improvement in effectiveness.At the same time, an osteochondrosis of the sacred spine can develop in a woman, then this can make the concept process and pregnancy difficult.In addition to these symptoms, other manifestations with osteochondrosis are possible: muscle cramps, difficulties in movements, shooting pain, etc.
Diagnosis of osteochondrosis
The most important point in diagnosing osteochondrosis is the collection of an anamnesis.The most important moment in this process is the patient's survey in which the doctor should state all the symptoms in detail.If some symptoms of the disease determine the characteristic manifestations in osteochondrosis, there are also many signs that it is important to differ from the manifestations of other diseases.Disruptions of the functions of many organs that manifest themselves in osteochondrosis often resemble the symptoms of gastritis, angina pectorals and stomach ulcers.For this reason, every symptom of osteochondrosis is subjected to a detailed examination and analysis.
During the diagnosis, the doctor takes into account the age of the patient, the development of symptoms.Additional methods for research are used to clarify the diagnosis.In this case, a radiological examination is usually practiced.To determine the patient's condition, a very adiography of the spine is carried out.If there are more specific complaints, target radiography is practiced that is aimed at the crime scene.
A relatively complex diagnostic method is considered myelography.This examination provides for the introduction of a contrast liquid in the Cerebrospinal Canal.In this case, there is a risk of damage to the spinal cord and the occurrence of an allergic reaction.At the same time, this method is considered informative if necessary to determine the presence of a dorsal hernia.
In addition, the use of computer tomography, magnetic rate nuclear resonance is practiced.However, they are relatively expensive, so they are mainly practiced if necessary to carry out a differential diagnosis and to determine the presence of a spine.
Treatment of osteochondrosis
So that the treatment of spinal osteochondrosis is nearby, it is necessary to provide not only a precise diagnosis, but also an integrated approach to the problem.The doctor usually describes treatment methods depending on which part of the spine was affected.The main therapy methods for the cervical region as well as the chest region and the lumbar spine are massage, manual therapy, acupuncture, electrical stimulation, therapeutic gymnastics, vacuum therapy, traction and other methods.A parallel treatment with folk remedies can also be practiced.
The doctor describes the treatment in such a way that the removal of the sick symptoms and the causes that cause the pathology of the spine ensure.Stop the pain by using physiotherapy methods, medication.Special exercises for osteochondrosis of the spine are also exercised.
One of the main methods for the treatment of osteochondrosis of the spine and other diseases of the musculoskeletal system is the use of physiotherapy exercises.For this purpose, special devices are used for rehabilitation.With the help of the regular execution of exercises that have been selected individually by a specialist, you can improve blood circulation and activate the metabolism.As a result, the performance of the intervertebral discs and the strain on the spine improves.
The method of physiotherapy includes the influence on the body of different physical factors.Using a low frequency current, magnetic field and laser, the pain is effectively facilitated, the inflammation is reduced and the parallel medication treatment is more effective.With the help of the massage you can relieve tension and muscle pain and activate the blood circulation.Manual therapy enables acute and constant chronic pain in the joints and spine to alleviate the movement volume and also have a general positive effect on the body.The procedure for expanding the spine is used to relieve severe pain.It is carried out on special devices.The Grand Fire Surrowing is increasing, the shape of the spine is restored.Medicine treatment is mainly practiced during the exacerbation.
In most cases, effective treatment only enables the disease to progress to prevent deterioration.You can only recover completely in the first stage of osteochondrosis.It is important to take into account that the duration of treatment depends on how the disease, therapy methods and the careful fulfillment of the patient meet all appointments and recommendations from the doctor.As a rule, the period of active treatment takes one to three months.After the company, a person is restored for about a year.If conservative therapy does not bring any expected results and there are also special signs, the doctor prescribes surgical treatment.
Prevention of osteochondrosis
People who already suffer from manifestations of osteochondrosis have to try not to overload the spine and minimize the pressure in the intervertebral discs.It is advisable to always try to keep your back evenly and avoid trauma of the spine.A comfortable bed for night sleep is important: you have to select an individually orthopedic mattress.You should not lift weights with a weight of more than 10 kg and to increase the object, you first have to sit down, take an object and then get up with it.Women should not wear shoes with too high paragraphs.In addition, people who complain about back pain should carry out exercises every day that strengthen the muscle corset.It is recommended to swim if possible.